Which of the following best describes insurance?

The correct choice emphasizes that insurance is fundamentally designed to transfer risk from an individual or entity to an insurance company. When a person or business purchases insurance, they pay a premium in exchange for the insurer's promise to cover certain potential financial losses or liabilities. This transfer of risk is central to the concept of insurance; it allows individuals and businesses to manage uncertainties and protect their financial interests against unforeseen events, such as accidents, property damage, or health-related expenses.

By transferring the risk of loss, policyholders can mitigate the financial impact of such events, ensuring they are not entirely responsible for the costs associated with those risks. This is essential for promoting economic stability, as it encourages individuals and businesses to take necessary risks—such as investing or starting new ventures—without the crippling fear of total loss.