What does title insurance specifically protect against?

Title insurance specifically protects against losses that arise from title defects and liens. Title defects can include issues such as previously unrecorded documents, fraud, or mistakes in the public record that might affect one’s ownership of the property. Liens refer to claims made by creditors against the property due to unpaid debts or obligations of the previous owners. Title insurance provides coverage to the policyholder against these risks, ensuring that they have a clear and marketable title to their property, which is essential for any homeowner.

The other options do not capture the specific protections offered by title insurance. Homeowner disputes might arise over various issues, but these are not covered by title insurance, which focuses solely on the title itself. Similarly, losses related to fluctuations in the property market or damages due to natural disasters fall outside the scope of title insurance. The purpose of title insurance is distinctly different from other types of insurance that cover risks regarding property value and physical damage.